Dynamic growth and shifting regulatory frameworks are shaping solar markets in Central and Eastern Europe. Jonas Kasal, Managing Director at Memodo, explains how these trends influence strategy, investment and project development.
Munich, 16 April 2026
Can you briefly describe your role, tasks and responsibilities within the company?
I am one of the two Managing Directors of Memodo s.r.o., a company operating across the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia. Given my technical background, I am primarily responsible for defining and driving the company’s product, commercial, and technical support strategy. In the past, I was personally responsible for most C&I (Commercial & Industrial) projects within the company.
How important is C&I for Memodo in the CEE market?
As the market has increasingly shifted toward this segment, we put a strong focus on the C&I business. Today, all our sales representatives have the required skills to design and manage commercial projects.
How has the growing demand in the C&I market reshaped our business strategy?
We follow a holistic approach and place strong emphasis on long-term service and comprehensive support. We therefore offer service contracts alongside our projects to ensure high quality standards. Currently, this is primarily available in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, with plans to extend the offering to Poland.
Since when has Memodo been active in Central and Eastern Europe?
Memodo has been active in the CEE region since early 2018.
In which countries is Memodo active, and what is its presence there?
We have dedicated sales teams in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Poland, supported by local-language technical support in each market. From a logistics perspective, we operate from our central warehouse in Prague, which serves all three countries.
What do you consider to be the greatest advantages of the markets in CEE?
The greatest advantage of the CEE markets is their strong growth potential and openness to innovation. These markets are still in a relatively dynamic phase of energy transition, which creates significant opportunities for new technologies, business models, and partnerships.
Is energy security a factor for your customers?
Another key advantage is the increasing awareness of energy security and independence, which is driving demand for decentralized renewable solutions such as solar and battery storage. This provides a favourable environment for companies like Memodo that focus on high-quality, long-term energy solutions rather than purely short-term transactions.
What feedback are you receiving regarding skilled workers?
The CEE region also benefits from a skilled technical workforce and a growing community of installers, engineers and energy professionals who are adopting new technologies and contributing to the modernisation of the energy sector. While the markets can be volatile, their momentum and development potential make them attractive for companies committed to advancing renewable energy.
What do you consider to be the greatest challenges in CEE?
The main challenge in the CEE region is market stability and regulatory predictability. On a yearly basis, support schemes, legislation and market frameworks change. While the transition from centralised to decentralised power generation is necessary and progressing, it also creates uncertainty.
In your opinion, a more regulated environment would help PV development in CEE?
I believe governments should adopt and drive a more long-term strategic perspective. Businesses need stable conditions to invest in sustainable high-quality solutions and aftersales services. Frequent regulatory changes lead to high fluctuation among market participants, which ultimately harms the entire industry — particularly in terms of solution quality and service reliability. As a wholesaler, we ultimately do our best to ensure stability when it comes to our selected suppliers and warranties. However, we cannot replace installers who leave the market or go bankrupt when it comes to end-customer service.
How do you view the markets in CEE in relation to other markets?
CEE markets are significantly more dynamic — but also more volatile — compared to more mature markets such as Germany. They are also highly price-driven.
What would you like to see happen in your markets?
A more stable market would naturally lead to higher overall quality in the market. When businesses operate in a highly dynamic market with subsidy windows that open and close unpredictably, they tend to prioritize the lowest-cost solutions in order to maximize profitability. While I understand this — in many cases it is simply a matter of survival — it is not ideal for the long-term development of the sector. I hope that policymakers recognize this dynamic and work toward more stable, predictable frameworks.
What developments do you expect in CEE over the next two to ten years – say until 2035?
Cybersecurity will become a critical issue and will require clear regulatory frameworks and industry standards. here will also be significant developments in grid services legislation. The market will require greater standardisation, which will be challenging for regulators and grid operators. As coal plants are phased out, renewable energy, particularly solar, will play a larger role in the energy mix. However, many grids are already operating at capacity limits. In this context, battery storage will be essential for grid stabilisation and flexibility services. I also hope there will be broader recognition that renewable energy is not only about reducing CO₂ emissions – it is fundamentally a strategic decision to become more energy indepent.
In this interview, Dr. Eng. Veselin Todorov, Chairman and Founder of Solar Academy Bulgaria, shares his perspective on the development of photovoltaics and energy storage in Bulgaria, the challenges facing the sector, and the opportunities ahead.
Munich, 02. April 2026
What drew you to a career in photovoltaics? I became involved in photovoltaics at a time when solar energy in Bulgaria was still a niche technology. My career began as an installer, giving me hands-on experience with renewable energy systems. This foundation helped me develop both strong technical expertise and a clear understanding of how solar solutions impact businesses and communities in real life.
What motivated you to start a company? Driven by both engineering curiosity and a vision for a cleaner energy future, I founded VVT Engineering, which I continue to lead as CEO and owner.
When did Solar Academy Bulgaria become part of your journey? Soon after, I established Solar Academy Bulgaria to create a platform where businesses, policymakers, and academia could work together to advance renewable energy.
What was your motivation? I felt a strong responsibility to share my experience. Alongside my work in the industry, I was actively involved in teaching and inspiring young engineers while pursuing my PhD in Electrical Engineering. The combination of entrepreneurship, technical practice, teaching, and research shaped the holistic perspective I bring to photovoltaics today.
That sounds like a lot of idealism – were you able to maintain it? Today, through my leadership roles in VVT Engineering, the Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, and Solar Academy Bulgaria, I remain committed to advancing solar energy not only as a technology, but as a catalyst for resilience, innovation, and sustainable economic growth in Bulgaria and beyond.
You have spoken about major challenges in the Bulgarian PV industry. What are the key issues? The photovoltaic sector in Bulgaria faces several structural challenges. One of the main issues is the lack of sufficient expertise among some companies constructing solar power plants, which can result in lower-quality systems and reduced customer trust. In addition, limited state support for end consumers makes it difficult for households and small businesses to actively participate in the energy transition. Bureaucratic processes remain complex and time-consuming, increasing costs and slowing down innovation. Another important concern is the presence of unusually low-priced components of uncertain origin and quality, which may harm the long-term reputation of the sector. Prof. Malka: Solar is key to Albania’s hydropower challenge
Do you see solutions to these challenges? Our approach addresses these challenges on multiple levels. Through targeted information campaigns, we aim to reach businesses and households and demonstrate the long-term value of high-quality solar solutions. We also organise roundtables and maintain active dialogue with policymakers to reduce bureaucracy and improve transparency. At the same time, we emphasise that professionally executed projects deliver long-lasting and sustainable results. Overall, we work to shift perceptions and show that solar energy is already an integral part of everyday life, providing energy independence, security, and cost savings.
How would you describe the role of Solar Academy Bulgaria? Solar Academy Bulgaria plays a bridging role in the country’s renewable energy landscape. We founded it to connect business, academia, and policymakers within one platform, recognising that meaningful progress requires collaboration between all three.
What is the mission of the Academy? The Academy has two main objectives. First, it provides education and reliable information to raise awareness among businesses, institutions, and households about the opportunities of photovoltaics. Second, it works to create a supportive environment through dialogue with lawmakers and industry stakeholders.
How is this mission implemented in practice? In practice, we organise information campaigns, professional training programmes, and roundtables to address both technical and regulatory challenges. We also showcase best practices and successful projects, demonstrating that renewable energy in Bulgaria is not only feasible, but essential for competitiveness, sustainability, and energy independence. Overall, Solar Academy Bulgaria serves as a catalyst for knowledge, dialogue, and trust, helping to accelerate the country’s transition towards clean energy in an inclusive and sustainable way.
What are your main responsibilities as Chairman? As Chairman, my role is to represent and coordinate the interests of our members while driving the sector forward. My priorities include reducing bureaucracy, promoting professionalism and fair competition, and working closely with policymakers to ensure a transparent and predictable regulatory environment. At the same time, I see it as my responsibility to bring together businesses, institutions, and decision-makers around shared goals, so that innovation, quality, and sustainability define the future of Bulgaria’s energy sector.
What is the current status of solar energy in Bulgaria? Solar energy in Bulgaria is expanding rapidly, although its share remains relatively modest compared to traditional energy sources such as coal and nuclear. Several structural challenges persist. Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) are still not widely implemented, energy communities are at an early stage of practical development and legislative changes to support them are still evolving. In addition, grid capacity remains limited, digitalisation is incomplete, and regulatory adaptation is progressing slowly.
What about the commercial users?
Despite barriers, businesses increasingly recognise the value of solar energy. Many are investing in projects for self-consumption or as long-term strategic investments, often independent of state support. This clearly shows that solar energy is becoming a strategic tool for competitiveness, energy security, and sustainability in Bulgaria’s economy.
How has the sector evolved in recent years? In recent years, the sector has undergone significant transformation. Falling technology costs, rising electricity prices, and increasing corporate demand for green energy have driven a new wave of projects. Today, the market includes both large-scale installations and self-consumption systems, demonstrating a more active role of both businesses and households in the energy transition.
What is the level of expertise and market maturity? The sector has matured, with improved expertise, stronger companies, and greater awareness of the benefits of solar energy. However, challenges remain, including bureaucracy, limited support for end users, missing instruments such as PPAs, and grid constraints. Despite this, solar energy is moving beyond a niche technology and becoming an increasingly important part of Bulgaria’s energy mix.
Which segments play an important role in the countries pv-sector? All segments play a vital role, but the strongest growth is currently in the commercial and industrial rooftop sector. Businesses are investing in PV systems for self-consumption to reduce costs, increase energy independence, and maintain competitiveness. This trend is amplified when paired with battery storage, enabling companies to use energy more efficiently and minimize their exposure to grid instability.
What about the residential sector? The residential segment remains underdeveloped, primarily due to limited incentives and administrative complexity. With the right support mechanisms, households, especially when combined with storage solutions, could become a significant driver of the energy transition.
What is the role of large-scale and community projects? Large-scale utility projects remain important but face challenges such as grid constraints, regulatory uncertainty, and land-use limitations. Energy communities and prosumer models hold strong potential but are still at an early stage of practical implementation in Bulgaria.
How easy is it to integrate large PV systems into the grid? Integration remains challenging due to limited grid capacity, outdated infrastructure, and insufficient digitalisation and flexibility mechanisms. These limitations can create uncertainty and delays for investors.
What needs to happen next? Bulgaria has strong potential, but the grid requires modernisation, digital management systems, and investment in storage and balancing solutions. Without these improvements, the transition risks remaining slow and fragmented. However, with strong business demand and the right policy prioritisation, Bulgaria can significantly accelerate its progress and strengthen its regional competitiveness.
What is the status of energy storage? Energy storage in Bulgaria is still at an early stage, although development is accelerating. Residential adoption remains limited, while commercial applications are growing, particularly in combination with rooftop solar systems. At the grid level, several large-scale battery projects are currently under development.
What are the main challenges for storage? Key challenges include regulatory uncertainty, administrative barriers, and grid limitations. Despite this, companies are increasingly recognising the value of solar combined with storage and are investing accordingly. Storage is expected to become a core element of Bulgaria’s energy transition.
How does Bulgaria compare to other EU countries? Bulgaria still trails many EU countries in solar and storage development. Despite favorable natural conditions and strong investor interest, progress is held back by limited incentives, outdated infrastructure, and gaps in regulation compared with countries like Germany, Spain, Greece, and Romania.
What could help Bulgaria catch up? Bulgaria has the resources and expertise to accelerate its energy development significantly. Reducing bureaucracy, introducing PPAs and energy communities, and modernizing the grid could unlock substantial potential. The energy transition is no longer merely a technological challenge—it has become a strategic economic priority for any country seeking to remain competitive. With the right policies, Bulgaria not only has the chance to catch up but also to emerge as a key player in Southeast Europe’s clean energy transition.
What role do subsidies play? Bulgaria has introduced several subsidy schemes under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan. However, due to prolonged political instability and delayed reforms in recent years, a significant portion of these funds remained underutilised.
Are subsidies effective? Subsidies are important not only financially but also as a signal of political commitment. Targeted support for storage, rooftop solar, and digitalisation could accelerate adoption and improve accessibility for businesses and households.
What funding mechanisms are most important? EU programmes remain the primary funding source for solar and storage projects in Bulgaria, including the Recovery and Resilience Plan and EU structural funds. However, stronger national support mechanisms are needed to complement these instruments.
What is needed to accelerate the transition? Accelerating the transition requires a combination of stable EU funding and consistent national policies. In particular, national financing tools play a key role in making renewable energy accessible to all stakeholders.
What developments do you expect in the next 12–24 months? The sector is expected to keep growing, especially in commercial and industrial rooftop projects. Increasingly, businesses will pair solar with storage to boost energy independence, and large-scale storage projects are also anticipated to come online.
And by 2030? By 2030, with the right policies in place, solar energy could become a core pillar of Bulgaria’s energy system. A modernized, digitalized grid—together with storage and PPAs—would allow broader participation from businesses, households, and energy communities.
How does Solar Academy support international companies? Solar Academy Bulgaria helps international companies enter and succeed in the Bulgarian market by providing local expertise, market insights, and networking opportunities.
What practical support do you provide? We connect companies with local stakeholders—including institutions, businesses, and technical experts—and offer roundtables, training programs, and partnerships to build trust and enable successful project implementation.
How does this support help them succeed? By reducing risks, fostering connections, and promoting sustainable, high-quality project execution, our support ensures that companies integrate successfully into the market.
Interview by Manfred Gorgus
About Dr. Eng. Veselin Todorov
Dr. Eng. Veselin Todorov is the Founder and CEO of VVT Engineering and Chairman of Solar Academy Bulgaria. As an electrical engineer, entrepreneur, and educator, he has extensive expertise in photovoltaic systems, energy storage, and energy management solutions. He is collaborating with businesses, institutions, and policymakers to improve regulation, uphold high-quality standards, and accelerate the energy transition. He is also a lecturer at the University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski” in Sofia and a recognized thought leader in clean energy, energy independence, and sustainable economic development across Southeast Europe.
Tomáš Bílek, responsible for international business development and sales at Fenecon, discusses opportunities and challenges in the region’s growing energy storage market.
Munich, 26. März 2026
Mr Bílek, could you briefly describe your role at Fenecon?
I am responsible for International Business Development and International Sales at Fenecon. Following the company’s internal restructuring, my focus is on the residential and commercial sectors, and until last year also on industrial-scale solutions.
So you are personally responsible for global business development?
Not quite. Our company has divided responsibilities not only functionally but also geographically. The DACH region is managed by our German partner management team. The USA also falls outside my area of responsibility, as we have a separate company there with its own production facilities.
So you’re personally responsible for global business development?
Not quite. Our company has divided responsibilities not only functionally but also geographically. The DACH region is managed by our German partner management team. The USA also falls outside my area of responsibility, as we have a separate company there with its own production facilities.
What is your region?
My focus is primarily on Central and Eastern Europe — from Poland eastwards to Ukraine and further south to North Macedonia and northern Greece, extending even to Georgia.
How is Fenecon approaching internationalization?
We are present throughout Europe primarily through individual projects. Our organized international expansion only began in 2022 due to rapid company growth. Due to internal restructuring, internationalization is still relatively new for us.
In which countries are you currently present?
Currently, we have a structured market presence through country partners in Sweden, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Cyprus and Greece. In other countries, such as Croatia and Slovakia, we have established individual contacts and representatives.
What role do the country partners play in the Fenecon universe?
Our approach is not based solely on sales. We work with country partners who essentially act as local Fenecon branches. In addition to sales, they also handle technical support, monitor compliance with regulatory requirements, and provide customer service. It is also important that they provide us with market feedback, which directly informs our product development.
How do you enter new markets?
Entering a new market involves comprehensive preparation. We typically spend up to a year analyzing regulatory frameworks, certification requirements, grid connection conditions, and simulating use cases before signing a partnership agreement. In the energy sector – one of the most heavily regulated industries – we believe this preparation is essential for a successful market entry.
What types of storage systems are currently driving your business?
Our portfolio ranges from small three-phase residential systems starting at 6 kWh up to industrial systems exceeding 1 MWh, and recently even beyond 4 MWh with our Industrial XL solution. Across markets, approximately 70–80 percent of our business is currently generated in the residential and commercial segment. Utility-scale and large industrial applications account for roughly 20–30 percent.
Does this apply to all countries?
However, market dynamics vary significantly by country and change rapidly. For example, the Czech residential market experienced a boom after 2020, but two years later demand collapsed. At the same time, ancillary services and utility-scale applications — previously considered unattractive — are now emerging as major drivers.
Poland is considered a prime example for PV development and expansion in CEE.
In Poland, residential demand has declined significantly since 2023. Three years ago, we received constant inquiries from Polish companies. Last year, activity slowed considerably. We expect increasing development of behind-the-meter and standalone applications in the near future.
How challenging is the regulatory environment in Central and Eastern Europe?
The biggest challenge is the volatility. Regulatory frameworks, grid connection requirements, and certification requirements change frequently, sometimes without warning.
Do you have an example?
In the Czech Republic, for instance, the certification requirements were changed from one month to the next. The market practically ground to a halt. No one knew which systems could still be installed. Similar changes occurred again a year later.
So this constant back and forth is killing business?
This uncertainty is not good for investors, especially for storage projects with longer lead times. Even residential construction projects are often dependent on subsidy programs, and the application process can take months. If the regulations change before commissioning, systems can be installed but not connected to the grid. Stable framework conditions are crucial for us. That’s why we prefer markets that have already undergone initial regulatory adjustments and offer predictable conditions.
Would you say that Eastern Europe is a more difficult market than Western Europe?
I wouldn’t say more difficult, but different. In developed markets like Germany, the Nordic countries, or the Netherlands, regulatory clarity ensures investment security. Revenues can be predicted more reliably. The disadvantage of mature markets lies in stronger competition and higher regulatory requirements. In emerging markets, the biggest challenge is navigating the changing environment and adapting quickly.
What role do subsidies play in Central and Eastern Europe?
Subsidies remain the most important driver of the residential energy storage market in many countries, but especially in Central and Eastern Europe. When subsidies are available, demand increases dramatically; when they are withdrawn, market growth slows significantly.
What about the utility sector?
Subsidies also continue to play a significant role in the industrial and utility sectors, although investments in commercial applications are increasingly profitable even without subsidies. In Northern Europe, for example, favorable conditions for ancillary services have enabled projects with payback periods of less than three years in recent years – entirely without subsidies.
These are exceptionally short payback periods – how is that possible?
These exceptional returns are now the norm. They can be achieved in an environment with stable market mechanisms that attract investment. In the long term, ancillary services and grid stabilization are likely to become the most important sources of revenue for large-scale storage systems and reduce their dependence on subsidies.
Do you expect to see more grid-supporting storage solutions in the future?
Yes. We anticipate an increase in both grid-connected and stand-alone storage solutions. Grid stability requirements are rising. Frequency and voltage fluctuations are posing ever greater challenges across Europe. With the increasing share of renewable energies, maintaining grid stability within the required parameters becomes more complex. This leads to a structural demand for storage systems that can provide balancing and ancillary services.
How do you see the development of the European market in the East and West?
In developed markets, I expect continued growth in residential energy storage, with subsidies continuing to play an important role. In the commercial and utility sectors, a clearer and more stable business model is emerging – increasingly independent of subsidies. Requirements for grid stabilization, dynamic pricing models, and the expansion of markets for ancillary services will create stronger economic incentives. Dynamic tariffs and market-oriented mechanisms, combined with balancing energy services, will help ensure that investments quickly pay off and that revenue models for energy storage projects are economically viable.
What is your conclusion for Central and Eastern Europe?
Fenecon’s strategy in Central and Eastern Europe focuses on long-term partnerships, regulatory understanding, and technical adaptation to local conditions. Although country-specific market uncertainties continue to pose a challenge, the increasing need for grid flexibility to improve stability will further drive demand for battery storage systems across the region.
This interview examines Econergy Int. Ltd.’s strategy, market dynamics, and operational approach, highlighting technical, financial, and regulatory factors shaping large-scale energy storage deployment across Europe.
Munich, 05. März 2026
The interview features Joshua Murphy, who progressed from storage design to head of the energy storage division and now oversees business strategy, contract design, financial modelling, and route to market contracting. Founded in 2009, Econergy operates in seven European countries, combining local expertise with international financing to develop photovoltaic, wind and battery storage projects. The discussion addresses market opportunities, including Germany’s high revenue potential relative to growth in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as challenges such as grid congestion, regulatory reforms, project readiness, and the shortage of skilled labour. The interview also explores hybrid battery-solar projects, innovative designs including agrivoltaics, and the broader geopolitical and energy policy context influencing renewable integration.
To start, can you tell us a bit about your journey into the energy storage sector?
My background is rooted in utility stage solar and storage design, supported by earlier work at SMA in application engineering. I joined econergy as the head of storage design and integration. As the company’s strategy evolved, I moved into the role of Head of Energy Storage to support all battery operations. Today, my responsibilities center on business planning, forecasting, contracting, and coordination with project finance teams.
Where are the operational markets of Econergy geographically?
Econergy operates in seven key markets: Romania,Italy, the UK, Germany, Poland Greece, and Spain, with local offices staffed by development, legal, and grid experts.
Why is local presence essential for project development?
Local presence is critical for effective project development, particularly in land acquisition, permitting, grid connection processes and stakeholder engagement. Market maturity varies across regions. Germany offers a high number of ready-to-build projects, while Central and Eastern Europe remain more focused on development pipelines.
How is the company’s operational scale structured across markets?
Local teams of 15 to 40 people manage development, permitting, finance, and operations in key markets. Madrid hosts specialised project finance teams managing multiple projects’ financing and debt arrangements. In some countries, such as Germany where we are building our operations and pipeline, we are supported by local expertise
How is your financing structured for projects?
Our financing structure combines equity and debt mechanisms. Equity is raised through listings, strategic investors, bonds on TASE (ECNR), and private equity from insurance companies and funds. Debt financing typically consists of non-recourse project-level debt covering 60–80% of project costs, sourced regionally. All projects undergo rigorous technical, financial and legal due diligence by third-party advisors to ensure bank and investor confidence.
What grid connection challenges do you face in Central and Eastern Europe?
Grid limitations across Europe can slow project deployment. Some market participants secure connections speculatively for resale. Regulatory reforms are underway in the UK, Germany and countries in Central and Eastern Europe, including Romania, to improve access and streamline processes. Delays in grid connections can be a problem, as they restrict capital deployment and affect economic growth.
What are the current market dynamics and revenue opportunities for battery storage across Europe?
Germany presents high revenue potential due to market liquidity, price volatility, and feed-in tariff structures that enable profitable trading for batteries. Central and Eastern European markets are growing, with government incentives such as Poland’s capacity market, though overall revenue levels remain lower. Maintaining a presence across multiple markets supports diversification and balances opportunity with risk.
How does the company approach hybrid battery-solar strategies?
The company integrates battery storage with solar assets to optimise market participation and reduce exposure to price volatility. Batteries are increasingly essential for new solar-parks, marking a shift from standalone solar. This approach allows natural hedging, charging during low-price periods and discharging at peak prices, improving asset economics.
What is the company’s approach to project development and acquisition?
Greenfield development focuses on robust planning, connection readiness, and securing permits. Strategic acquisitions target ready-to-build projects to gain a foothold in competitive markets such as Germany, despite premium costs. Over six months, due diligence was conducted on more than 60 projects in Germany to identify optimal opportunities.
What technical and operational factors influence project success?
Component reliability is critical, with banks assessing spare parts availability, warranties, and manufacturer credibility to reduce risk. The complexity and maintenance requirements of trackers affect adoption decisions compared with fixed systems. Local conditions such as altitude, sun exposure, and weather variability directly influence solar production yields.
How do market incentives and support mechanisms affect battery project viability?
Capacity markets in Poland provide long-term contracts that reward battery availability and support grid stability. European funding grants for battery capital expenditures accelerate project feasibility. Projects with government contracts enhance bankability and reduce investment risk.
How do you see the German market in comparison?
In Germany, the market has historically been energy-only, and while no final decision has been taken yet, the government is considering the introduction of an ad-hoc, market-wide capacity mechanism for delivery around 2031. Current proposals envisage procurement of up to 41 GW of de-rated capacity through competitive, technology-neutral tenders, potentially including longer-term contracts for new capacity. If implemented, this would materially improve revenue visibility and strengthen the investment case for flexible assets such as battery storage, alongside energy and ancillary services revenues.
What challenges do competition and talent shortages create in the market?
Competition is intense for grid connections, projects, and supply chain resources. There is a growing need for experienced professionals in construction, commissioning, and battery operations. Grid operators are often under strain, limiting the timely processing of connection requests and slowing market growth.
How does leadership and corporate culture influence the company’s operations?
The company was founded by two longtime friends, Eyal Podhorzer and Yoav Shapira with complementary operational and financial skills. It maintains a long-term vision, focusing on owning and operating assets throughout their lifecycle rather than pursuing a build-and-flip strategy. That approach influences everything, from disciplined capital allocation to technical execution and risk management.
As a publicly listed company, we operate with a high level of transparency. This creates internal accountability and reinforces trust with stakeholders across all markets in which we operate.
What are the key market trends and future outlook for battery storage in solar projects?
Hybrid projects are expected to become the standard, with most new solar projects incorporating battery storage for resilience and revenue optimisation. Innovative designs, including agri-photovoltaics and adjusted solar-park orientation, aim to optimise generation timing. Batteries will play a central role in maintaining grid stability as fossil fuel generation declines.
What environmental and technical challenges does the company face?
Grid balancing through battery storage is essential to manage solar intermittency and maintain energy system stability. Physical and regulatory complexities, such as landowner negotiations, permitting timelines, and varying national regulations, present ongoing hurdles. Monitoring and managing component warranties, technical advisors, and contingency plans are critical to project success.
What is the current status on the companies pv-portfoloie in CEE?
The company’s pv-portfolio in both Romania and Poland is reflecting a strategic balance between operational projects and a robust development pipeline. In Romania we have 390 MW already in operation, complemented by 58 MW ready to connect and ~1GW under construction. Projects in pre-construction add 460 MW, while 1,4GW are under license, bringing the total development pipeline to 3,4GW. In Poland, 52 MW are operational, 105 MW are in pre-construction, ~900 MW are under license, and 1,4 MW are at the initiation stage, totaling to about 2,5 MW in development.
What do you consider your flagship projects in Central and Eastern Europe?
Our flagship projects in the region are undoubtedly Parau 1 and Parau 2 in Romania. Parau 1 combines 92 MW of photovoltaics with a 70 MW / 140 MWh battery storage system. Parau 2 has 343 MW of photovoltaics and a 150 MW / 300 MWh battery storage system. Parau 2 secured a 15-year contract for difference at €49.4/MWh in Romania’s first CfD auction.
How do geopolitical factors and energy policy affect battery adoption?
Batteries reduce exposure to volatile gas prices by storing low-cost renewable energy. Perspectives on nuclear energy vary, with small modular reactors potentially complementing renewable generation. Growing energy demand from data centers drives the need for stable power, supporting diverse solutions including batteries and nuclear.
As solar becomes a standard business asset in Central and Eastern Europe, returns increasingly depend on operational management, market responsiveness and effective digital systems.
Munich, 12. February 2026
For most businesses, the decision to invest in solar energy has long been settled. Solar plants, together with energy storage systems, have moved beyond experimentation and now form part of core operational strategy – also in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The decisive factor is how these assets perform financially. Recent experience highlights a clear shift within the energy sector: the decisive factor is no longer the installed power alone, but how that power is managed. As solar generation expands and price volatility increases, value creation depends on efficient operational control rather than on production volume.
Maximising revenue through intelligent management
Timely fault detection, accurate production monitoring and intelligent energy management increase revenue from existing infrastructure. Smaller, well-managed projects therefore often deliver higher returns than larger facilities that operate passively and respond too slowly to change. Electricity prices now fluctuate several times a day. Under these conditions, value is created by deciding when to store energy and when to sell it to the market.
Energy storage as an investment asset
Battery energy storage systems (BESS) increasingly function as investment assets rather than cost-saving tools. When connected to the grid, they can generate revenue by providing balancing services. In such cases, operation is typically handled by a balancer who manages charging and discharging to capture favourable market prices. The underlying logic is straightforward: low prices favour storage, while high prices favour export. However, these decisions require forward planning rather than real-time reaction.
Optimising storage
Maximum efficiency is achieved when storage is managed through specialised software in the form of an intelligent energy management system. These systems forecast consumption, market prices and solar generation to identify optimal charging and selling scenarios. As a result, payback periods for storage systems can be reduced to a few years. In 2026, businesses seeking higher efficiency must address price volatility with responsive operational strategies. Only reliable energy management systems can continuously monitor markets and optimise whether energy is sold or used internally.
Grid constraints affect revenue potential
As solar and wind capacity continues to expand across Europe, production curtailments caused by grid constraints are becoming more frequent, even when electricity has a market value. This directly reduces potential revenue. Grid conditions therefore represent a growing financial factor. In 2026, effective solar operations require close alignment with grid requirements. Facilities without adequate management systems may be forced to reduce or halt production, while those able to respond quickly can protect revenues and avoid losses. Solar energy facilities, particularly energy storage systems, now depend entirely on software. These systems control production, storage, grid communication and responses to market signals. Disruptions, unclear responsibilities or dependence on a single technology provider can directly affect business continuity and revenues. Cybersecurity has therefore become a core operational concern rather than a purely technical issue.
Operator competence drives financial outcomes
By 2026, evaluating energy storage systems solely on technical specifications will no longer be sufficient. The competence of system operators and the way systems are managed will be equally critical. As energy storage directly affects power supply stability, software failures or cyber incidents can lead not only to downtime but also to significant financial losses. Reliable software providers, secure system architectures and clear control over data flows are becoming as important as the efficiency of batteries or solar modules. Reducing technological dependencies is essential to ensure that energy assets support business performance.
Active management is the key to success
Rapid decision-making, responsiveness to market and grid signals, and secure operational management are increasingly making the difference between economically successful and less successful projects. By 2026, returns will no longer depend solely on the size of a solar generator, but on how actively and effectively it is managed.
Text by Dr Sarunas Stanaitis, CEO of Inion LT. Edited for publication by Manfred Gorgus.
In this interview, the managing director of CCE Romania explains the role of solar energy in the current reforms and the main challenges in the country’s transition from fossil energy production to low-carbon systems.
Munich, 04. December 2025
With fifteen years of experience in the Romanian energy sector, Alexandru Matei Fatu, managing director of CCE Romania, has played an active role in its transformation toward decarbonisation. The country is experiencing a rapidly accelerating shift from traditional CO₂-based power generation to photovoltaics and other low-carbon technologies. In this interview, Fatu discusses how this transition is reshaping established energy structures, redefining approaches to power generation, grid stability and sustainability, and outlines the key opportunities and challenges for solar energy in Romania.
What is your view on the current energy landscape in Romania?
Romania’s energy landscape has long been characterised by a diverse energy mix. Coal, natural gas, hydropower and nuclear power traditionally formed the foundation of the country’s electricity supply. In the early 2000s, Romania was a net exporter of electricity and played a key role as a regional energy hub in Southeast Europe.
When did this change start?
With EU market integration and a gradual decline in domestic generation capacity, Romania became an electricity importer. However, this appears to be changing. Through the transformation from CO₂-based to CO₂-neutral production, Romania is once again becoming a net exporter. Investments in photovoltaics and wind energy are increasing.
What role does coal play in the country’s energy mix today?
The share of coal in electricity generation has fallen from around 30 percent at the beginning of the 2010s to about 15 percent in 2024. Wind and solar energy now supply around one-fifth of national production. Hydropower remains an important pillar of the system, and nuclear energy also plays a limited role in maintaining security of supply.
What is the population’s attitude towards photovoltaic projects?
One aspect that distinguishes Romania’s energy transition is the constructive attitude of local communities towards renewable energy projects. Unlike in some European countries, Romania is experiencing openness and cooperation. Municipalities and local authorities recognise the benefits, ranging from new, future-proof jobs and improved infrastructure to increased tax revenue. Partnerships at the municipal level form part of our development success in Romania.
What are the challenges for project developers?
In my view, the biggest obstacles are administrative complexity and limited grid capacity. Although the legal framework has improved in recent years, regional differences still exist in the permitting processes. Inconsistent regulations complicate the approval process and lead to delays.
What ist he situation on grid connection points?
The availability of suitable grid connection points also remains insufficient. However, grid connection and building permits can now be applied for concurrently, which has already considerably shortened project development time. A capacity tendering system is intended to provide greater transparency and planning certainty starting in 2026. If implemented effectively, this may represent a benefit for investors and project developers.
Where do you see the strength of your branch?
Certainly in our multidisciplinary experience and close collaboration with regulatory authorities and grid operators. We can also manage project financing without EU subsidies. We reliably secure projects with long-term power purchase agreements, and this is also supported by banks.
How do you assess the next 10 years?
By 2035, Romania’s energy landscape may have fundamentally transformed. Renewable energies are expected to dominate electricity generation, complemented by storage solutions and digitally optimised grids. The participation of prosumers and energy communities will hopefully contribute to the development of a more decentralised and thus more resilient system. Hybrid concepts combining photovoltaics, battery storage and green hydrogen appear to represent the next phase of innovation. We are already investigating how combined photovoltaic and hydrogen plants can contribute to decarbonisation and system flexibility.
In the third interview, Professor Malka discusses Albania’s energy market liberalisation, highlighting solar investments, subsidies, and the urgent shift from hydropower to solar amid climate challenges.
Munich, 21. November 2025
What is the current situation with subsidies for solarenergy in Albania?
During this transitional period, which may last up to twelve months, the Renewable Energy Act allows the temporary application of existing secondary legislation based on the previous law. According to Act No. 24/2023, “Promotion of the Use of Renewable Energy Sources”, support mechanisms may be implemented as Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), Contracts for Difference (CfDs), and Premium Agreements.
How does the law address stored energy?
Law No. 24/2023 stipulates that electricity from priority producers, which has not yet been fed into the grid but is temporarily stored in their facilities, is considered delivered and is eligible for subsidies at the time of planned grid feed-in.
Albania’s geographical location is ideal for photovoltaics. Should investments be booming?
Solar irradiance in Albania is among the highest in the Western Balkans, particularly in the regions of Fier, Vlora, Saranda, Berat, and Korça. Investment-based support programmes may play a decisive role in expanding photovoltaics, especially in developing countries such as those in the Western Balkans. High upfront costs for projects may be reduced, thereby lowering major financial barriers to PV development.
How could such investment support look in practice?
Instruments such as capital or investment grants covering 20–50 percent of installation costs would significantly improve project profitability, particularly for private households and small businesses seeking to install rooftop or ground-mounted PV systems. Tax credits or deductions may also incentivise investment and create a favourable business environment for solar developers.
What about low-interest loans for PV?
Low-interest or government-guaranteed loans that facilitate access to capital for smaller developers and municipalities would help accelerate investment. Such financing mechanisms are considered valuable in relatively new PV markets like Albania, as well as in other Balkan countries such as Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Investment risks remain high in these markets, and institutional experience in PV financing is still developing.
What about feed-in tariffs?
Given Albania’s evolving energy market structure and its efforts to diversify beyond hydropower, production-based support programmes may strongly incentivise solar power expansion. These measures could also help meet the National Energy Plan (NECP) target for renewable electricity generation.
Are feed-in tariffs already in use?
Feed-in tariffs are currently used to a limited extent for small-scale installations. However, they may be optimised to provide stable and predictable returns for investors, particularly in the initial years of operation.
What about contracts for difference (CfDs)?
CfDs are regarded as particularly attractive for large solar parks in high-irradiance areas, as they can protect developers from volatile electricity market prices. These mechanisms may provide long-term planning security and financial stability, foster domestic and foreign investment in renewables, and support broader integration of variable solar energy into the Albanian grid.
What is the status of auctions for PV projects in Albania?
Albania is advancing its electricity market liberalisation and aims to align with the EU’s energy framework. Market-based support programmes, such as auctions, may ensure cost-effective renewable energy expansion. The government has completed the first three wind power auctions and is evaluating their feasibility for PV projects, though no concrete progress has been made yet. Tendering procedures allow developers to compete transparently, reduce costs, and increase efficiency.
Have such auctions already been conducted?
Albania has conducted pilot projects using these mechanisms and allocated solar PV capacity through competitive auctions, which attracted significant private investment at low rates—according to reports from the Karavasta PV power plant. Extending these tenders to other sun-rich regions could further stimulate market development.
Are there incentive programmes for decarbonisation?
A quota system for renewable energy or a system of green electricity certificates is considered possible. This would require electricity suppliers to source a set percentage of their portfolio from renewables. Such an approach may complement auction mechanisms and facilitate a smooth transition to a more integrated, market-oriented support framework for PV and other renewables.
Could hybrid support programmes advance Albania’s energy transition?
Hybrid approaches that combine different support models appear particularly promising. For example, auction-based feed-in tariffs could offer stable revenues at competitive prices, boosting investor confidence and fiscal efficiency. Likewise, subsidies and tax incentives could be targeted at solar zones such as Myzeqe and Dumre, where high solar potential coincides with good grid connectivity. Close coordination of these instruments with permitting reforms and the NECP would help optimise investment incentives, spatial planning, and decarbonisation targets.
What is the political stance on this?
While financial incentives may encourage investment, their success depends on complementary policy reforms, including simplified permitting, transparent grid connection rules, and robust regulatory oversight. Coordination between the Energy Regulatory Authority (ERE), Ministry of Infrastructure and Energy, local authorities, and the scientific community is viewed as essential for building investor confidence.
What is the state of research and skilled personnel in photovoltaics in the country?
Research in the PV sector needs to be expanded, as does Albania’s technical expertise and institutional readiness to support large-scale solar and wind projects. Support programmes should form part of a broader energy transition strategy aimed at raising renewable energy shares, reducing dependence on fluctuating hydropower, and contributing to the country’s long-term decarbonisation and EU accession goals.
Is the will there, but conditions not yet right?
In summary, Albania has some of the most favourable solar resources in the Western Balkans. With an optimal support framework and diversified approach, PV expansion could progress rapidly. In the short term, investment-based programmes such as capital grants, tax breaks, and low-interest loans are likely to be most effective in promoting decentralised and small-scale PV in households, businesses, and municipalities.
What is the long-term strategy for PV expansion?
As the market matures, production-based mechanisms such as feed-in tariffs may provide stable returns for medium-sized developers. Auctions could become the main driver for large solar parks, ensuring transparency and cost efficiency. In the longer term, hybrid and targeted support models, together with spatial planning and grid expansion strategies, may encourage investment. Hybrid solar–hydropower systems with BESS (Balanced Energy Supply System) appear particularly relevant in Albania.
Interview by Manfred Gorgus.
More Interviews on Albainia´s energy transition with Prof. Malka
Albania’s reliance on hydropower causes supply-demand imbalances. Prof. Malka highlights photovoltaic, storage, and investment incentives as key to diversifying the electricity mix and unlocking new business opportunities.
Munich, 19. November 2025
Albania’s power system relies heavily on hydropower, leading to mismatches between supply and demand. Solar PV is emerging as a promising solution, with storage, incentives, and new policies seen as key to expanding clean energy capacity. In the second part of the interview, Prof. Malka explains how photovoltaics could help improve the situation and what opportunities Albania offers for PV.
What is the energy consumption like in Albania?
In 2024, total electricity consumption in Albania reached 8,170 GWh, up from 7,875 GWh in 2023. Imports ranged from 931 GWh to 3.0 TWh, depending on precipitation and weather, as the power system relies mainly on hydropower. The generation profile does not always match consumption, a situation that could be improved by further diversifying electricity generation with renewables.
How has the PV sector developed over the past five years?
The PV sector in Albania has evolved considerably in the past five years. Compared to hydropower and other conventional sources, it remains at an early stage, but significant potential exists given Albania’s solar resources. Initial integration was slow due to regulatory and, to some extent, financial barriers. Since the introduction of supportive policies and incentives in 2015, the environment has improved, especially for investors in projects up to 2 MW.
Conditions for photovoltaics have improved. What about energy storage?
Albania’s electricity sector lacks sufficient battery energy storage systems (BESS), so large amounts of off-peak and surplus electricity cannot be stored for later use. At the same time, transmission capacity expansion is not keeping pace with peak load growth, leading to bottlenecks. This could create significant uncertainties for PV expansion over the next five years and further increase non-exportable electricity volumes.
Solar Macedonia president: “Quality standards are key to sector growth”
Is energy storage crucial for the success of PV in Albania?
According to our study, “Energy Storage Benefits Assessment Using Multiple-Choice Criteria”, integrating BESS will play a crucial role in stabilising the national grid, delaying investment in power lines, creating arbitrage opportunities, resolving grid congestion, and facilitating PV integration. Battery storage systems are expected to significantly boost PV shares over the next five years, particularly in regions with high installation density, such as Fier.
What role do subsidies play in PV development in Albania?
Subsidies and financial incentives are key drivers for PV deployment, not only in Albania. By making projects more attractive and financially viable, especially in the early stages of market development, subsidies help accelerate PV adoption.
What specific funding opportunities exist in the country?
Previously, the main legal framework for renewable energy in Albania was Law no. 7/2017, “On Promoting the Use of Energy from Renewable Sources”, which partially aligned with EU Directive 2009/28/EC. This has now been replaced by Law no. 24/2023, partially aligned with EU Directive 2018/2001.
What improvements does the new law bring?
The new law cannot yet be considered fully operational, as several key provisions still require further development through secondary legislation to be issued by the Government of Albania, the Ministry of Infrastructure and Energy (MIE), and the Energy Regulatory Authority (ERE).
Interviewer: Manfred Gorgus
More Interviews on Albainia´s energy transition with Prof. Malka
• Prof. Malka: Solar Is the key to reducing Albania’s hydropower vulnerability • Prof. Malka: “Albania is advancing the liberalisation of its electricity market”
With abundant sunlight, Albania has the potential to diversify beyond hydropower. Professor Lorenc Malka explores how solar energy and storage could reshape the nation’s energy future.
Munich, 14. November 2025
Albania’s geographical location offers strong potential for photovoltaic deployment. Prof. PhD Eng. Lorenc Malka from the Energy Department at the Polytechnic University of Tirana provides insights into the current status, future scenarios, opportunities, and barriers for deploying photovoltaic power plants and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in the country.
Prof. Malka, what is the Energy Situation in Albania?
The electricity system in the Republic of Albania includes electricity generation, transmission, distribution, market operation, and trading. The goal is to provide electricity to both commercial customers and residential end-users. These activities are carried out by entities licensed by the Energy Regulatory Authority (ERE), in accordance with the amended Law no. 43/2015 “On the Electricity Sector.
What is the status on renewable energy?
On the supply side, Albania’s power sector is almost fully decarbonised, relying primarily on hydroelectric power, which accounts for approximately 95 percent of electricity generation. As of 31 December 2024, the country’s total installed electricity generation capacity is approximately 3,213 MW. This includes a 98 MW thermal power plant that never became operational due to a cooling system failure.
What is the grows of photovoltaics in recent years?
Total installed power increased by about 537 MW compared to 2023, mainly due to the addition of photovoltaic renewable energy sources. According to the 2024 ERE Annual Report, total domestic electricity generation reached 7,836,626 MWh. Of this, 4,371,085 MWh (55.7 percent) was produced by KESH sh.a, the Albanian Power Corporation, while 3,465,541 MWh was generated by other power producers.
How much PV capacity is installed in Albania?
In 2024, installed photovoltaic capacity reached 449.09 MW, with actual electricity generation amounting to 489.4 GWh. Of this, PV plants operating under feed-in tariff (FIT) contracts produced 67,700 MWh, while those participating in the liberalised electricity market generated 158,105 MWh. The remainder came from other plants.
Will electricity demand increase in the future?
On the demand side, total energy consumption in Albania has nearly doubled compared to 2005, with current usage around 24 TWh. The transport sector accounts for 38 percent, the residential sector for 25 percent, and industry for 20 percent; the remainder is consumed by other sectors. Fossil fuels dominate, making up more than 60 percent of annual national energy consumption. Annual electricity consumption includes both regulated and deregulated market segments.
Albania is well positioned for decarbonization with hydropower – so why photovoltaics?
Heavy reliance on hydropower makes Albania vulnerable to climate variability. In recent years, there has been a greater focus on diversifying energy sources, with the government actively promoting renewables. Solar is already well developed and feeding electricity into the national transmission and distribution network, while wind energy remains at an early stage. The installation of renewable energy sources—especially photovoltaics—has grown, particularly as support frameworks and policies have become more favourable to PV compared to other renewables.
The interview was conducted by Manfred Gorgus.
More Interviews on Albainia´s energy transition with Prof. Malka
Gas wird nach Ansicht von Fachleuten eine zentrale Rolle in der polnischen Energiewende spielen.
Bei einer Debatte unter dem Titel „Polens Energiezukunft und die Rolle von Gas“ am Dienstag dem vierten November im Pressezentrum der Polnischen Nachrichtenagentur PAP betonten Vertreter von Regierung und Energiewirtschaft, dass Gas zum einen Übergangsbrennstoff sei, zum anderen auch Stabilisator des Energiesystems sei.
Gas – Kernkraft – erneuerbare Energien
Vertreter des Energieministeriums erklärten, dass Polen sich in einer Phase der Transformation befinde. Derzeit arbeite man am Nationalen Energie- und Klimaplan, der die Ziele für 2030 und 2050 festlege. Neben dem Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien und der Vorbereitung des ersten polnischen Kernkraftwerks spiele Gas eine wichtige Rolle, um die Versorgung in der Übergangszeit – bis zu 100 % Erneuerbare und Kernkraft – zu sichern und die Abhängigkeit von Importen vor allem aus dem Osten zu verringern. Das Ministerium plant, bis Ende des Jahres ein Strategiepapier fertigzustellen, das die Grundlage für Maßnahmen zur Versorgungssicherheit und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit schaffen soll..
Energieunternehmen mit konkreten Plänen
Der staatlich kontrollierte Energiekonzern PKN ORLEN S.A. (ORLEN) plant, bis 2035 Gaskraftwerke mit einer Gesamtleistung von 4,3 GW zu errichten. Weitere 12,8 GW aus erneuerbaren Quellen sollen bis dahin fertiggestellt sein. TAURON Polska Energia S.A. (TAURON) arbeitet an Wasserstoffprojekten. Dalkia Polska, die polnische Tochtergesellschaft des französischen Energiekonzerns EDF (Électricité de France), ist auf Fernwärme, Energieeffizienz und lokale Energielösungen spezialisiert und setzt für die Zukunft auf eine Kombination aus Gas, Biomasse und Wärmepumpen.
Gas nur als Brücke
Die Experten waren sich einig, dass Gas in den kommenden Jahren eine Brückenfunktion übernehmen wird. Gaskraftwerke gelten als vergleichsweise saubere Energiequelle, die Polen auf dem Weg zu einer klimaneutralen Energieerzeugung eine stabile Stromproduktion in einem zunehmend volatilen Energiemarkt gewährleisten soll. Sollte das polnische Kernkraftwerk gebaut und an das Netz gehen, könnte es die stabile Komponente in der künftigen Energieerzeugung darstellen. (mg)
RWE baut in Gundremmingen einen Batteriespeicher mit 400 Megawatt Leistung und einer Speicherkapazität von 700 Megawattstunden. Der neue Großspeicher nutzt die Netz-Infrastruktur des ehemaligen Kernkraftwerks, was großer Vorteil bei der Umsetzung des Speicherprojektes sein dürfte.
Das Unternehmen investiert rund 230 Millionen Euro in das Projekt. Der Baustart wurde am 29. Oktober 2025 mit einem symbolischen Spatenstich im Beisein des bayerischen Ministerpräsidenten Markus Söder und RWE-Vorstandschefs Markus Krebber offiziell eingeleitet.
RWE plant, die Inbetriebnahme des Batteriespeichers Anfang 2028 abzuschließen. Nach Fertigstellung soll die Anlage dazu beitragen, kurzfristige Schwankungen im Stromnetz auszugleichen. Dafür werden rund 200 Container mit etwa 850.000 Lithium-Eisenphosphat-Batteriezellen installiert. Der Speicher wird Strom für knapp zwei Stunden mit voller Leistung abgeben können.
Integrationspartner ist H&MV Engineering, ein Unternehmen mit über 1450 Angestellten, das nicht nur im Bereich der erneuerbaren Energien, sondern auch als Energieversorgungsunternehmen und mit Datenzentren unterwegs ist. Durch die Übernahme der Skanstec Gruppe Anfang 2024 hat H&MV Engineering ist ein europaweit führender Anbieter von spezialisierten Planungs-, Ingenieur- und Baudienstleistungen mit 400 Mio. € Umsatz mit 22 Standorten im EMEA-Raum entstanden.
Auf dem Gelände in Gundremmingen sind laut RWE weitere Energieprojekte vorgesehen, darunter ein Solarpark und ein neues Gaskraftwerk. Der Solarpark darf als Ergänzung zum Großspeicher verstanden werden. Das Gaskraftwerk wird fossile Brennstoffe nutzen und ist technisch als Backup für erneuerbare Energien gedacht. (mg)
Founded in 2020 in Warsaw, Menlo Electric has maintained a strong international focus from the very start, with 75% of its business taking place outside of Poland. Menlo Electric CEO Bartosz Majewski shares how the Poland-based distributor navigates a turbulent global solar market, tackling falling prices, declining residential demand, and fierce competition while maintaining capacity for future growth.
MUC 21.02.2025
Menlo Electric has grown rapidly in global solar and storage distribution. Can you share more about the company’s history?
Menlo Electric was founded in late 2020, initially as a subsidiary of an installation company. From the very beginning, our goal was to build an international distribution business, operating across multiple markets. This strategy was designed to mitigate the impact of fluctuations in demand within any single market, ensuring long-term stability and growth.
Did the strategy work?
It allowed us to expand rapidly, despite a market slowdown in Poland after net metering was phased out in Q1 2022. In 2021, we sold nearly 200 MW of solar components. The following year, our sales tripled to 600 MW, and in 2023, we reached 900 MW. Last year, we surpassed 1.3 GW of components sold. To put it in financial terms: in 2021, our revenue stood at €50 million, growing to €150 million in 2022. Over the past two years, despite the drop in component prices, our revenues have remained stable as we continued to grow in volumes.
What are Menlo’s main markets?
We are primarily active in Europe, the Middle East, and Southern Africa, with an emerging presence in the United States.
How have you experienced the sharp decline in component prices in recent years?
Module prices did decline at an unprecedented pace, at times falling by 30% per month, as seen in mid-2023 and again towards the end of 2024. Battery and inverter prices also plummeted. According to Bloomberg, battery prices declined in 2023–2024 at the fastest rate since 2017.At the same time, the European residential solar market contracted significantly. According to data from SolarPower Europe, residential installations in Europe shrunk by 30% in volume. When factoring in the impact of falling component prices, the market declined by more than 50% in value.
Can you share a concrete example of the impact of this slowdown?
For example, SolarEdge, a key manufacturer in the inverter and storage market, saw its quarterly sales drop from nearly $1 billion to approximately $200–250 million. As distributors and installers rushed to liquidate their stock in a shrinking market, intense competition drove selling prices significantly below purchase cost.
But the market for commercial PV and solar parks has picked up in Europe. Couldn’t that compensate for the lost share in the residential sector?
For modules, the impact was somewhat mitigated, as many of the same products can be used across both: residential and commercial & industrial (C&I) installations. However, the situation was far more severe for inverters and batteries, which are typically specifically designed for residential use and cannot be economically or technically repurposed for C&I applications.
A perfect storm, it seems?
Market contraction led to a huge oversupply, leaving many distributors struggling to unlock capital from their inventories, which in turn created cash flow challenges. As a result, several distributors faced serious financial difficulties.
Menlo Electric is active internationally. Did your strategy not allow you to compensate for problems in some markets with growth in others?
Interestingly, similar trends emerged simultaneously in different parts of the world, although for different reasons: In the United States changes to net metering regulations in California led to a sharp slowdown in the residential solar sector, putting U.S. distributors in a situation very similar to their European counterparts. In South Africa the residential solar market contracted significantly as ESKOM effectively addressed load shedding issues. By late 2023, power outages were already reduced, and by the first quarter of 2024, they were virtually eliminated. This removed a major driver for residential solar demand.
What’s the solution to this situation?
This intense crisis has actually driven increased cooperation between companies that previously operated purely as competitors. In the current market, distributors are buying and selling components among themselves across different regions, trying to rebalance supply and demand for various solar and storage products.
How have your suppliers, i.e. manufacturers, reacted to the crisis?
According to our experience manufacturer support has fluctuated. Particularly in the second half of 2024, when it became clear that the downturn was more prolonged than many had anticipated, several manufacturers scaled back or put on hold their support mechanisms for distributors. This has added further strain to an already difficult market.
Sounds like tough times and market consolidation
Overall, the industry is undergoing a significant reshuffle. Some distributors are reducing their international footprint, while others have gone out of business entirely. The coming months will likely bring further consolidation, as companies adapt to the new market realities.
How has the crisis hit Menlo Electric and how is it being dealt with?
It should come as no surprise that Menlo Electric has been significantly affected by the current crisis. As one of the youngest and fastest growing companies in this sector before the downturn, we did not have the time to accumulate substantial earnings that could serve as a financial cushion during such turbulent times. As a result, we have had to adjust our strategy, expanding our portfolio, focusing on key markets and increasing sourcing from other distributors across Europe. This approach allows us to remain agile while navigating the current market conditions.
So, what is your outlook for the future?
We remain optimistic about the future. Back in late 2020, Menlo was a company that could fit into a single room. In just three years, we scaled to €150 million in annual sales across four continents. I see absolutely no reason why we won’t rebound and return to our growth trajectory once the market stabilizes. Our priority now is to protect the foundation we have built over the past four years and position ourselves for renewed growth as soon as market conditions allow.
What key challenges did you face when expanding globally?
Running an international business in Poland, especially when expanding beyond the European Union, comes with unique hurdles. One of the challenges we experienced was finding a banking partner that could support our operations not only in Poland and Europe but also in key markets like the Middle East and South Africa. We quickly realized that there were only two banks with the necessary global footprint and presence in Poland. Fortunately, we were able to establish a strong partnership with one of them, HSBC Poland. It has provided us with tremendous support and flexibility over the years. The same applies to our partner KUKE, an insurance company belonging to Polish Development Fund Group. It has allowed us to extend insured credit limits to our clients not only across EU, but also e.g. in Ukraine and Southern Africa. With this kind of support, we will continue to build Menlo’s international presence.
Even though Menlo is internationally oriented, how do you see the future of the Polish PV market?
PV sales will remain stable for large systems. In my opinion, we will see more and more installations of energy storage in the residential market soon. The Polish electricity grid is a problem that needs to be addressed. It was and still is in a bad state and its rapid improvement is necessary for a further and sustainable expansion of photovoltaics.
Die polnischen Gasnetze sollen in Zukunft eine zentrale Rolle in der Energiewende des Landes einnehmen. Sie sollen neben Erdgas, auch zunehmend Biomethan transportieren. Um dies zu ermöglichen, sollen die Produktion von Biomethan gefördert, finanzielle Mittel bereitgestellt, und die Rahmenbedingungen für den Ausbau der Biomethanproduktion geschaffen werden. Noch handelt es sich allerdings um eine Absichtserklärung. Wie Regierung und Versorger sich die Transformation vorstellen, lesen Sie hier.
Polska Spółka Gazownictwa (PSG) ist Polens größter Verteilnetzbetreiber, der mit über 210 000 km Leitungslänge einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Energiesicherheit in Polen leistet. Das Unternehmen will in Zukunft den Einsatz von Biomethan forcieren, um seine Gasinfrastruktur für die polnische Energiewende zu transformieren. Das ist ein Ergebnis der 29. Aufladetechnischen Konferenz vom 23. bis 24. September 2025 in Dresden.
Biomethan als Zukunftsenergie
Der Anteil von Biomethan im Energiemix soll maximiert werden, da es laut PSG klimafreundlich und ressourcenschonend ist. Erste Biomethananlagen sollen bereits erfolgreich ans Netz gegangen sein und zeigen das Potenzial dieser Technologie auf.
Polens Energiestrategie und Gassektor
Die polnische Regierung plant, ihre Energiepolitik bis 2050 grundlegend zu verändern, wobei der Gassektor eine wichtige Rolle beim Übergang zur CO₂‑neutralen Energieproduktion spielen soll. Das Vorgehen bei der Dekarbonisierung soll dabei pragmatisch erfolgen, mit Fokus auf erschwingliche Energiepreise und schnelle Marktintegration von Biogas und Biomethan.
Finanzierung und Zusammenarbeit
Die Entwicklung des Biomethanmarktes soll durch gezielte finanzielle Unterstützung gefördert werden, unter anderem durch Darlehen von Banken und den polnischen Entwicklungsfonds. Die Vernetzung von Forschung, Industrie und Politik soll den Aufbau von Kapazitäten für Produktion, Netzanschluss und Verteilung fördern.
Herausforderungen und Perspektiven
Neben technischen Herausforderungen bei Netzanbindung und Systemregulierung liegt ein Schwerpunkt auf dem Ausbau der Infrastruktur und der Schaffung marktgerechter Rahmenbedingungen. PSG sieht seine Aufgabe darin, die Versorgungssicherheit von Bevölkerung und Wirtschaft zu gewährleisten und die Rolle von Biomethan im Energiemix zu stärken.
Fazit
PSG soll als Schlüsselakteur der polnischen Energiewende mit der Förderung von Biomethan zur nachhaltigen Transformation des Energiesystems beitragen. Mit Geld, optimierten Rahmenbedingungen sowie politischer Unterstützung will Polen bis 2050 eine klimafreundliche und sichere Energieversorgung erreichen. Allerdings ist das Thema Biomethan ebenso wie Biogas noch schwierig, weil es aktuell noch keine zuverlässigen Rahmenbedingungen dafür gibt. Das war das Fazit der ersten Biogasmesse Polens vom 30. September bis 02. Oktober 2025. (mg)
Premiere in Warschau: Biogasmesse BioPower zeigt Potenzial für Polens Energiewende und neue Wachstumschancen für die Landwirtschaft. Biogas und Biomethan als Schlüsselfaktoren für Energiewende und Energiesicherheit.
Vom 30.September bis 2. Oktober 2025 fand im Ptak Warsaw Expo nahe Warschau die erste polnische Fachmesse BioPower Poland statt, begleitet von der 7. Biogas- und Biomethankonferenz Green Gas Poland 2025.
Premiere mit Signalwirkung
Die Messe zog Dutzende Aussteller und Hunderte Besucher an. Experten betonten, dass Biogas und Biomethan die Energiewende beschleunigen, ländliche Regionen stärket und Polens Energiesicherheit steigert. Landwirtschaft sei dabei die wichtigste Rohstoffquelle.
200 Anlagen sind zu wenig
Aktuell gibt es in Polen weniger als 200 landwirtschaftliche Biogasanlagen und nur eine Biomethananlage. Fehlende Förderung, komplexe Vorschriften und Finanzierungslücken bremsen den Ausbau. Diskutiert wurden „Energieinseln in der Landwirtschaft“. Dafür müssten aber zuverlässige Regeln vorhanden sein sowie bessere wirtschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen geschaffen werden.
Potenzial Biomethan
Studien zeigten im Land ein technisches Potenzial zur Produktion von bis zu 7 bis 8 Milliarden Kubikmetern Biomethan pro Jahr. Entscheidend sei jedoch, die Nachfrage zu fördern und klare Marktziele festzulegen. Experten warnten, ohne gezielte Regulierung und Förderung könnte der Sektor nicht ausgebaut werden und das Wachstum würde stagnieren.
Biogas, Schlüssel zur Dekarbonisierung
Landwirte und Lebensmittelproduzenten sehen Biogas als Schlüssel zur Dekarbonisierung. Durch die Verwertung von Agrar- und Lebensmittelabfällen würden Chancen für klimafreundliche Energie entstehen. Auch kleinere Betriebe könnten profitieren, wenn sie z. B. in Energiegenossenschaften kooperieren.
Investition bleibt riskant
Die Finanzierung von Anlagen bleibt das größte Hindernis. Banken und EU-Förderprogramme könnten beim Ausbau der Biogasproduktion helfen, aber ohne staatliche Garantien und verlässliche Einspeisetarife bleiben Investitionen äußerst riskant. Deshalb forderten Experten klare gesetzliche Vorgaben und Anreize entlang der gesamten Wertschöpfungskette der Biogasproduktion.
Fazit
Die erste BioPower Poland hat gezeigt, dass das Land über enormes Biogas- und Biomethanpotenzial verfügt. Damit es genutzt wird, braucht es politische Stabilität, Marktregeln und gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz. Nur so kann diese grüne Energie zu einem Motor der polnischen Energiewende werden. (mg)
Forscher der Texas A&M University entwickeln eine biologisch abbaubare Batterie aus natürlichen Inhaltsstoffen – eine mögliche Alternative zur Lithium-Ionen-Technologie.
Energiespeicher aus körpereigenen Bausteinen
Das Team um Chemieprofessorin Karen Wooley und Ingenieurin Jodie Lutkenhaus stellte ein neuartiges Batteriematerial aus Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) und der Aminosäure L-Glutaminsäure vor. Die Ergebnisse wurden in den Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences veröffentlicht.
Abbaubar und ungiftig
Im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Batterien aus Metallen und Petrochemikalien baut sich das neue Material bei Kontakt mit Wasser oder Enzymen umweltfreundlich ab. Labortests zeigten zudem, dass es für Zellen unschädlich ist – ein Vorteil etwa für tragbare oder implantierbare Geräte.
Nachhaltigkeit ohne Leistungseinbußen
Die Forscher betonen, dass ihre Bio-Batterie ähnlich leistungsfähig sei wie aufwendig synthetisierte Materialien. „Man muss nicht zwischen Nachhaltigkeit und Leistungsfähigkeit wählen“, sagt Lutkenhaus.
Baustein für Kreislaufwirtschaft
Das Projekt gilt als Schritt zu einem Batteriedesign, das von Anfang an das Lebensende der Produkte mitdenkt. Ziel ist eine Kreislaufwirtschaft, in der Batterien nicht zu Sondermüll mutieren, sondern unkompliziert in natürliche Kreisläufe zurückkehren.
Sicherheit und Akzeptanz
In Deutschland dürfte diese Art der Speichertechnik großen Zuspruch erfahren. Immerhin gelten Vitamine als gesund, und sind sogar in der Apotheke als OTC- (Over-the-Counter‑)Ware rezeptfrei erhältlich. Allerdings verrät der Artikel der Universität nicht, ab wann diese Speichertechnik für Battery-Energy-Storage-Systems (BESS)zur Verfügung steht. Die Akzeptanz für diese vielversprechende Technik dürfte groß sein. Es wird wenig Menschen geben, die sich über Vitamin B im Megawattstundenformat in ihrer Nachbarschaft beschweren dürften. (mg)
Andreas Zyber has been working for various German companies in the Polish PV industry since 2011. Since 2022 he has been managing director of Quantumsolarpv GmbH, the German branch of a Polish PV wholesaler that is growing across Europe even in turbulent times. In our interview he reveals the secret of success in difficult times.
How did you get into photovoltaics?
By a roundabout route. I studied mechanical engineering in Poland and obtained an engineering degree there. I then studied business administration in Germany and graduated with a business degree. After managing business with Poland for a German commercial vehicle manufacturer for years, I decided to switch to the photovoltaics industry in 2011.
What motivated you to change?
A mixture of desire to build something new and enthusiasm for the technology. I was especially excited about photovoltaics because of its possibility to generate clean electricity for decades with comparatively small investments.
How would you describe your role in the Polish PV industry?
I come from the sales of commercial vehicles. These are technical products that require explanation. I have taken my experience into the PV industry and describe my first years in the industry as ambassador work for German photovoltaic technology in Poland where I succeeded in establishing partnerships for German companies in Poland. Some of the companies I worked for have received awards for their solutions and technologies in Poland.
If you could enter the industry again, would you do everything the same?
In 2011, the PV industry in Poland was just beginning. I am a B2B salesperson and have continued this work in the PV industry. If I could turn back time, I would personally invest in the production of PV components with German quality standards in Poland.
How can you best describe your current tasks in the market?
While I previously worked practically only for German companies in the Polish market, my job today is communication in both directions: selling products and services from Polish companies to the European market and products from European companies to the Polish PV market.
What products and services do you offer?
Our focus is on complete PV solutions, from small roof systems to system providers for large PV projects, roof systems and open space systems for customers in Poland and German-speaking Europe, i.e. Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
2023 seems to have been a difficult year for many Polish wholesalers. Was it also for your company?
A clear no. Our warehouse, marketing and logistics is based in Poland. Our German branch is located near Munich. From there we primarily serve customers in the DACH region and other Western European countries. Throughout Europe we deliver within 24 hours if the components are in stock. Our team is lean and all employees have experience in the photovoltaics industry. We work with flat hierarchies, which makes us fast and flexible. We think from the customer’s perspective and talk to the customer. The market seems to appreciate that.
How does the Polish PV market differ from other markets?
In my experience, price plays a bigger role in Poland than in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. We can offer reasonable prices, but as a young company we have to convince in all areas: fast and reliable delivery, good advice, attractive prices and flexibility when the customer is asking for changes in the order.
What developments do you see in the Polish PV industry for the next 6 months to 2 years?
The PV industry in Poland has developed into a stable market in recent years. Following the change of government, the PV industry will now receive billions in EU funds. This is one of many subsidies that Poland is expected to receive. This will lead to a further increase in PV installations in the country. Due to the outdated Polish power grid and its time-consuming upgrading, electricity storage will be an increasingly interesting investment in the next 12 to 24 months.
Björn Gabriel of the European Investment Bank explains how green finance, credit lines and technical assistance support decarbonisation, with private-sector involvement crucial to 2030 targets.
Munich, 22. August 2025
What role do subsidies play in driving North Macedonia’s energy transition?
Green investments are pivotal to combating climate change and fostering sustainable economic growth. As an EU candidate country, North Macedonia is committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 51% by 2030. Public sector investments alone will not suffice; increasing private sector involvement is essential.
Is public funding needed?
To reach these targets, public sector investments alone will not be sufficient; increasing private sector involvement will be crucial. The upcoming introduction of the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) creates a strong impetus for decarbonisation.
How important is the EU market – and thus the issue of decarbonization of exported goods – for North Macedonia’s economy?
Around 20% of North Macedonia’s GDP is derived from exports to the EU (IMF). Notably, over 60% of the country’s iron and steel exports and nearly half of its aluminium exports are destined for EU markets.
What challenges do carbon-intensive industries face, and how can they adapt? To avoid negative effects on exports and carbon-intensive industries, it is essential to reduce emissions and adopt energy-efficient sources. This allows businesses to mitigate risks, obtain green certifications, and capitalise on new financing opportunities.
How is green investment evolving in North Macedonia, and what more is needed?
In the country, investments in green projects continue to increase, but more needs to be done and ideally incentivised through subsidies or targeted financing programmes with favourable conditions.
What is the current status of green financing, and how does it support North Macedonia’s renewable energy goals?
By September 2024, the country’s green loan portfolio reached €328 million which is 4.4% of all loans, marking a 2.8-fold increase since 2019 according to National Bank data. The corporate sector has been the primary recipient of green financing, holding 95% of the total green loans. Encouraging further decarbonisation of Macedonian firms can significantly contribute to the country’s target of reaching over 2,000 MW of renewable energy capacity by 2040.
Why is green finance important for North Macedonia’s energy transition? Green finance is not merely an environmental necessity; it is a strategic opportunity. Continued access to favourable financing, strong collaboration between public and private sectors, and improved regulatory support are essential to achieving the country’s ambitious sustainability targets.
What role do EU instruments and international financial institutions play in this context? European Union instruments and international financial institutions, particularly the European Investment Bank, are central to developing and financing green investments in North Macedonia.
How has the EIB supported green investment in the country so far? Since 2019, 44.5% of the EIB’s activity in North Macedonia has focused on 14 concessional credit lines, amounting to €735 million in investments for small and medium-sized enterprises – SMEs. These credit lines have helped SMEs retain more than 46,000 jobs and create 1,815 new ones.
What is the current focus of these concessional credit lines? Recently, the EIB credit lines, implemented in partnership with the Development Bank of North Macedonia and local commercial banks, have prioritised green investments. This includes financing renewable energy production, such as photovoltaics, and energy efficiency improvements in private-sector operations.
Will the EIB continue this programme in the future? Yes. We intend to continue this successful green finance programme over the long term, supporting the country’s transition to a more sustainable and resilient economy.
Does the EIB support the private sector beyond financing? In addition to providing funding, EIB Global offers technical assistance to help companies and banks assess climate risks and develop customised adaptation and energy efficiency projects.
What programmes are currently in place in North Macedonia? Through our Greening Financial Systems (GFS) programme, we are already working with the National Bank of North Macedonia and five local commercial banks to provide this type of support.
Are there any new tools planned to help companies address climate risks? Yes. We will launch an online tool—the Decarbonisation Guide—this autumn. It will offer companies practical advice and real-world case studies on managing both physical and regulatory climate risks, including those related to the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM).
What will the guide help companies achieve? The guide is designed to support firms in adopting sustainable practices and reducing operational costs, while improving resilience and compliance with evolving EU regulations.
Prof. Dimitar Dimitrov outlines the country’s sharp solar growth, from feed-in tariffs to 900 MW installed PV, and explains why storage, grid upgrades and policy reform are now critical for continued progress toward 2030 energy targets.
Munich, 15 August 2025
What is your position and what are your tasks in the association? I am a Professor at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University “Ss. Cyril and Methodius”, UKIM-FEEIT, in Skopje, and Head of the Faculty’s Solar Energy Laboratory. In addition, I serve as an external expert for the Photovoltaic Department of the Macedonian Solar Energy Association, Solar Macedonia, where I am involved in conducting feasibility studies and delivering training programs for solar installers and engineers.
How has PV developed in North Macedonia over the past 20 years? The Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies in Skopje has a long-standing research programme in PV, centred around its Laboratory for Solar Energy, established in 2000. However, the first wave of PV deployment began with the introduction of feed-in tariffs in 2009, leading to 45 MW of installed capacity by the end of 2021.
Did the energy crises in Europe effect the number of installations?
Yes. A sharp rise in electricity prices in 2022 triggered a surge in installations, bringing the current figure to around 900 MW.
What is the status of PV in North Macedonia today? Due to its geographical location, North Macedonia benefits from strong solar radiation, significantly better than in many European countries. The nation’s total installed photovoltaic (PV) capacity is approaching 900 MW, compared with about 2.14 GW from all other power sources combined — 48% from lignite-fueled plants, 14% from gas-fired plants, 34% from hydro, 4% from wind, and 1% from biomass and biogas.
When did the largest increase occur?
Most PV systems have been installed over the past two to three years. This rapid deployment has placed strain on the transmission and distribution network. Without parallel investments in storage and grid upgrades, future PV expansion may slow.
What are the main PV deployment segments in North Macedonia—residential, commercial, or utility-scale? A balanced and just energy transition requires contributions from all three segments. While commercial and industrial – C&I – and utility-scale PV have seen substantial growth, the residential sector is lagging. Policy support mechanisms may be needed to accelerate adoption in this segment.
North Macedonia has recently adopted a new Law on Energy designed to improve the planning of new generation and storage capacity. Several rulebooks and secondary legislation are now required to implement the law. In the short term, this regulatory process may slow the pace of new PV installations.
Can a sustained positive impact on PV growth be expected in the longer term?
Yes. Improved planning and the integration of projects into the National Energy and Climate Plan will help reduce investment risk and support long-term growth. I expect this will enable the country to exceed its strategic goal of 1.7 GW of new renewable energy capacity by 2030.
What wattage of the 1.7 GW do you estimate will be allocated to PV installations?
It is difficult to make precise forecasts, as several new pieces of legislation still need to be implemented. Nevertheless, the target of reaching 1.7 GW of renewable energy sources (RES) by 2030 is highly achievable — and, from today’s perspective, perhaps even somewhat conservative.
That is an interesting perspective – why do you think so?
Many investors are already pursuing photovoltaic (PV) and other RES projects with combined capacities several times greater than the official target, and most are not seeking financial incentives. The main obstacle is not technical but administrative because the projects require approval from the authorities. Importantly, the 1.7 GW target is not a ceiling. By combining PV systems with battery storage, the country could easily exceed this target. Achieving this will, of course, require gradual upgrades to the transmission and distribution networks, along with investments in balancing capacities.
Agri-PV ermöglicht die gleichzeitige Nutzung von Ackerflächen für Stromerzeugung und Landwirtschaft. Durch spezielle Installationen – entweder vertikale Modulreihen oder „Überkopf“-Anlagen – bleibt genug Raum für die landwirtschaftliche Nutzung. Mit dem „Solarpaket 1“ (Mai 2024) wurden Agri-PV, Floating PV und Parkplatz-PV als „Photovoltaik-Sondersysteme“ anerkannt, die besondere Privilegien genießen. Welche das sind und warum, das erklären wir im Text.
Grundsätzliche Vorteile von Agri-PV
Neben dem doppelten Nutzen von Strom- und landwirtschaftlicher Produktion behalten alle Flächen, die mit Agri-PV bebaut sind, auch ihre landwirtschaftlichen Privilegien. Voraussetzung ist, dass die installierte Photovoltaik die landwirtschaftliche Nutzung um nicht mehr als 15 Prozent einschränkt.
Vertikale Agri-PV
Anlagen mit vertikal in Ost-West-Richtung installierten bifazialen PV-Modulen erzielen vor allem am frühen Vormittag und späten Nachmittag hohe Erträge. Mittags, wenn klassische Dach- und Freiflächen-Anlagen Spitzenleistungen erzielen, sinkt die Leistung der vertikal installierten Ost-West-Anlagen. Vertikale Agri-PV-Systeme ergänzen somit die Produktion traditioneller Anlagen und entlasten das Stromnetz. Außerdem ist der Verlust im Fall einer Trennung vom Netz durch den Netzbetreiber wesentlich geringer als bei einer herkömmlichen Freiflächen-Anlage (Link zum Text Kurven der Anlage in Almelo).
„Überkopf“ Agri-PV
Bei der Überkopf-Agri-PV werden die Module in mehreren Metern Höhe über der landwirtschaftlichen Fläche auf einer Unterkonstruktion installiert. Dadurch bleibt die Fläche unter den Modulen zum einen für den Anbau von Obst, Gemüse oder für die Tierhaltung nutzbar und kann maschinell bearbeitet werden. Zum anderen schützen die Photovoltaik-Module die Fläche darunter vor Witterungseinflüssen, Sonne, Regen, Hagel usw. In Deutschland ist für diese Art von Anlagen eine Mindesthöhe von 2,10 Metern vorgeschrieben.
Mehr Ertrag mit „nachgeführter“ Agri-PV
Eine besondere Variante der Agri-PV sind nachgeführte Anlagen, die dem Sonnenverlauf folgen und dadurch eine höhere Stromausbeute erzielen. Solche Systeme gibt es in verschiedenen Ausführungen: als „Überkopf“-Anlagen, als Agri-PV in Reihen oder als großflächige Nachführsysteme, bei denen ganze Modulfelder in mehreren Achsen der Sonne nachgeführt werden.
Wenn die Fläche landwirtschaftlich genutzt wird, können die Systeme in eine Parkposition gefahren werden, um die Bearbeitung zu erleichtern. „Überkopf“-Anlagen erfordern diesen Schritt nicht, da ihre Module die landwirtschaftlichen Arbeiten grundsätzlich nicht behindern.
Agri-PV im Einsatz: Synergien für maximale Effizienz in Almelo
Seit 2023 erzeugt eine 1,9 MW starke vertikale Agri-PV-Anlage auf rund 3,2 Hektar in Almelo, Niederlande, nachhaltigen Solarstrom. Das System wurde von Profinergy B.V. aus Utrecht im Auftrag des Klimaatfonds Nederland geplant, installiert und wird auch von Profinergy betrieben.
In Almelo ist die vertikale Agri-PV-Anlage Teil eines hybriden Systems und ergänzt eine deutlich leistungsstärkere, nach Süden ausgerichtete klassische Freiflächen-Photovoltaik. Wie die vertikale Agri-PV im Vergleich zur klassischen Freifläche abschneidet, welche Vorteile sie bietet, wie beide Systeme optimal zusammenwirken und welchen Einfluss eine Netztrennung der Anlage bei negativen Strompreisen hat, erfahren Sie in unserem Life-Bericht: HIER
North Macedonia’s solar market is growing fast—but remains shaped by local challenges and regional potential. Prof. Ilija Nasov explains how Solar Macedonia is helping the sector align with European standards and preparing for the post-coal energy landscape
Munich, 08. August 2025
What is your position and what are your tasks in the association? As president, I lead the organisation and focus on internationalising domestic companies by promoting quality standards and certification as core drivers of improvement.
How do you bring international standards into the national solar industry?
I participate in several working groups that enable the association to identify and adopt emerging technology trends across the European market.
How can the role of your association best be described? The Macedonian Solar Energy Association, Solar Macedonia, is the country’s longest-standing organisation in this field, established in 2006. It currently has more than 100 domestic and international members, including manufacturers, equipment dealers, designers, installers and technical experts.
What international connections does the association maintain?
We maintain strategic partnerships with events such as Intersolar in Munich and Key Energy in Rimini, where we participate as business delegation partners. We bring major installation and trading companies as visitors and coordinate domestic producers as exhibitors.
What are the main focuses of the association’s work?
Our main objective is to maximise the use of all forms of solar technologies. Solar Macedonia works actively to enhance service quality for its members and to improve market conditions for all stakeholders in the solar energy sector.
What role does further training play?
Our members bring extensive experience in the solar industry and a deep understanding of its challenges and opportunities. Based on this expertise, we have developed and implemented a number of targeted training projects.
Can you give us an example?
One example is the training of technicians in solar PV and solar thermal system installation. This project began in 2008 and is ongoing. To date, we have trained more than 150 technicians. Since 2018, we have been an accredited training centre for solar installers, recognised by the Ministry of Education.
Are IT challenges also relevant in the renewables sector? Yes. We provide training for engineers in the use of specialised software, including TRNSYS, RETScreen, T-SOL, PVSOL premium, GEO-TSOL and others. Since 2011, more than 70 engineers have successfully completed these training programmes.
What about the phase-out of coal-fired power generation, which has been postponed by three years to 2030?
The first retraining programme for coal sector workers aiming to enter the solar workforce will begin in September 2025. It will consist of two groups and is supported by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).
What role does solar thermal energy play in your association?
Solar Macedonia is a full member of Solar Heat Europe and participates in working groups on small-scale thermal systems, district heating and PV/T hybrid systems. We are also involved in European R&D projects under the FP7 programme, in collaboration with leading institutes and universities. A complete list of projects is available at www.solar.org.mk.
Can solar companies interested in the Macedonian market contact the association? The Macedonian Solar Energy Association actively connects demand for solar solutions with the services and products of its members. We organise an annual Solar Conference, which serves as a key platform for international companies entering the Macedonian market.
When will the conference take place?
This years edition will be held on the 24th of September in Skopje. Further details are availiable at https://solar.org.mk/solarconference/. The event provides insights into the local market, leading EPC contractors, current technology trends, and the regulatory environment and offers direct networking opportunities.
How many people do attend the event?
Our most recent conference welcomed over 200 participants from 13 countries.
Should companies interested in the North Macedonian solar market become members of your association?
We welcome companies wishing to enter the market to join the Macedonian Solar Energy Association. Membership offers a range of benefits.
What are these benefits specifically?
These include access to our network, discounted participation in trade fairs and conferences, opportunities to host training sessions, access to industry software, and deeper insights into the Macedonian solar market.
